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Mahmood Ghazni
Mahmood Ghazni was born in 971AD, in Khurasan.
Mahmood Ghazni was the son of Abu Mansur Sabuktigin, who was a Turkish slave soldier of the samanid ruler.
In 994 Mahmood joined his father in the conquest of Ghazni for Samanid ruler, it was the time of instability for Samanid Empire.
In 998AD Mahmood took control of the Ghazni and also conquered Qandahar.
Mahmood of Ghazni destroyed important Hindu shrine- Krishna Janmabhoomi Temple (known as Kesava Deo Temple) in 1017 AD along with several other Hindu and Buddhist temples in the holy city of Mathura.
Mahmud of Ghazni destroyed and looted one of the most sacred temples of Hindus- Somnath Temple in 1025 AD killing over 50,000 people who tried to defend it.
He himself wrote a book on Fiqh.
His son Anandapala succeeded the throne, a decisive battle between Mahmd and Anandapala was fought in AD 1008-09 at Waihind during his sixth expeditions
Mahmud Ghazni died on April 30, 1030AD.
Muhammad Ghori
The Ghaznavi state was no longer powerful state after Mahmud Ghazni. his successors were weak which resulted into the emergence of a powerful empire called Seljuk empire. but towards the middle of the 12th century another group of Turkish tribe man shattered the power of the Siljuk Turks
Ghori was not a great general and had to suffer humiliating defeats several times.
He was defeated by Mularaja II, the ruler of Gujarat; by Prithviraj Chauhan in the first battle of Tarain and by Khwarizam Shah, the ruler of Persia.
He was killed in his own camp by his Khokar enemies.
The power of the Ghurids increase under Sultan Alaudin who earned the title the World Burner because he ravaged Ghazni and burnt it into ground
The rising power of the Khawarizm empire severely limited the Central Asia ambition of the Ghurids
In 1173 AD Ghori ascended the throne ruling at Ghazni while his elder brother was ruling at Ghur
Ghori conquered Multan and Kutch
In the first Battle of Terrain 1191 the Ghori forces were completely rooted out by Prithviraj.
It a said that Jaichand the ruler of Kannauj did not help Prithviraj during the Second battle of Terrain because Prithviraj had abducted Jaichand's daughter Sanyogita who was in love with him
The defeat laid the foundation of Muslim rule in India
Later on in 1194 Jaichand of Kannauj was also deafeated at the Battle of Chandawar
Muhammad Ghori died in AD 1206 leaving the charge with Qutub-ud-din Aibak
The sultanate of Delhi had five ruling dynasties with 34 kings
- The Slave Dynasty – 1206-90 AD
- The Khilji Dynasty 1290-1320 AD
- The Tughlaq Dynasty 1320-1414 AD
- The Sayyid Dynasty 1414-51 AD
- The Lodhi Dynasty 1451-1526 AD
Causes of the Turkish Success
- Political disunity among Rajput and internal rivalries
- No Central Government
- Unguarded frontiers even after repeated attack's
- Organized military and ambitious Turkish invaders
Battle of Terrain
- The second Battle of Terrain 1192 AD is regarded as one of the turning point in Indian history. the better organized and well prepared Turkish force defeated the Indian forces
- Prithviraj was defeated by Muhammad Ghori
- Prithviraj was allowed to rule over Ajmer for sometime. But was executed on a charge of conspiracy after some time
