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The Khilafat Movement
Khilafat movement, pan-Islamic force in India that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the Ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among the Muslim community in India during the British raj.
The movement fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924.
The two Ali brothers namely Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali-Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and HasratMohani Khilafat initiated the Kilafat movement.
The movement supported the Sultan of Turkey whom The Muslim population in India considered their religious head..It has great effect in of National movement in India
The Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement started on August 31 1921.
People started to resign from government services.
The Khilafat Movement and the Congress Non-Cooperation Movement merged into one nationwide movement by the year-end of 1920.
In 1921, the Khilafat Committee put a note to all the Muslims asking not to join the police and armed forces and not to pay taxes.
This outraged the government and the government arrested the popular Ali brothers on charges of sedition.
The Khilafat and the Congress volunteer engaged in this program received warrant for the arrest.
Unfortunately, the whole movement got called off on February 12, 1922, at Gandhiji’s insistence, proceeding the news of the Chauri Chaura incident.
Non-Cooperation Movement 1920
The Non-Cooperation Movement pitched in under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement.
After a series of events including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Gandhiji realized that no prospect of getting any fair treatment at the hands of British. So he planned to withdraw the nation’s co-operation from the British Government, thus launching the Non-Cooperation Movement and thereby marring the administrative set up of the country.
Mahatma Gandhi was the main force behind the non-cooperation movement.
In March 1920, he issued a manifesto declaring a doctrine of the non-violent, non-cooperation movement.
Gandhi, through this manifesto, wanted people to:
- Adopt swadeshi principles
- Adopt swadeshi habits including hand spinning & weaving
- Work for the eradication of untouchability from society
Gandhi travelled across the nation in 1921 explaining the tenets of the movement.
The Tilak Swarajya Fund started financing the non-Cooperation Movement
- The movement envisaged boycott of school, colleges, law couts, foreign cloth and advocated the use of Charkha
- Boycott of he forthcoming visit of Price of Wales in Nov, 1921
- The movement demanded – Swaraj or self rule and Redressal of the Punjab wrongs and Khilafat issue
Lala Lajpat Rai organized educational Boycott in Punjab
The congress session at Allahabad in Dec, 1921 decided to lauch a Civil Disobedience Movement
But before it could be launched the angry peasants attacked on a police station at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh on 5th Feb 1922
This changed the whole situation and Gandhiji was compelled to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement
Spread of Non- Cooperation Movement
- United Procine became a strong base for the Non-Cooperation Movement
- Agrarian-riots under the leadership of Baba Ramchandra, Eka Movement under Madari Pasi
- In Punjab – Akali Movement for reform and control of Gurudwaras
- In Andhra Pradesh, the Non-Cooperation movement was a great success,
- Allure Sitaram Raju organized the tribals in Andhra and combined their demands with those of Non-Cooperation Movement
Chauri Chaura Killing
- On February 4, 1922, a large group of nationalist volunteers had gathered on the streets of a small, obscure hamlet in the Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces.
- More than a year had passed since Mahatma Gandhi had launched the non-cooperation movement with the aim of attaining ‘Purna Swaraj’ (full independence).
- The volunteers marched through the streets shouting slogans of Gandhi and the Khilafat.
- Soon they walked into the police. As the crowd grew larger and fiercer, the cops retreated inside the police station.
- The protestors doused the building in kerosene and set it on fire.
- Twenty-three policemen perished.
- In the incident, 19 got sentenced to death and total of 228 people got trailed.
