Governor-General of Bengal and India

Governor-General of Bengal

Warren Hastings 1772-1785

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Warren Hastings

• First Governor-General of Bengal
• End to the dual system of administration
• Regulating Act of 1773
• Supreme Court at Calcutta
• Asiatic Society of Bengal
• First Anglo-Maratha War and Treaty of Salbai
• First English translation of Bhagavad Gita
• Pitt’s India Act-1784

Lord Cornwallis 1786-1793

• Establishment of Appellate courts and lower grade courts
• Establishment of Sanskrit college
• Third Anglo-Mysore War and Treaty of Seringapatam
• Introduction of Permanent Settlement and civil services

Sir John Shore  1793-1798

• Charter act of 1793
• Policy of Non-intervention
• Battle of Kharda

Lord Wellesley  1798-1805

• Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance System
• Fourth Anglo- Mysore war and the Treaty of Bassein
• Second Anglo – Maratha war
• Establishment of Madras presidency
• Establishing Fort William College at Calcutta

Sir George Barlow 1805-1807

• The Acting Governor-General of India until the arrival of Lord Minto,
• Diminished the area of British territory because of his passion for economy and retrenchment,
• The Mutiny of Vellore took place in 1806

Lord Minto I 1807-1813

• Concluded the treaty of Amritsar with Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1809,
• Introduced the Charter Act of 1813 ended the monopoly of East India Company in India

Lord Hastings 1813-1823

• The policy of Non-intervention came to an end
• third Anglo-Maratha war
• Abolition of Peshwaship
• Establishment of the Ryotwari System in Madras (By Thomas Munroe) and Bombay
• Mahalwari system in north-western Provinces and Bombay

Lord Amherst  1823-1828

• The annexation of Assam leading to the first Burmese war of 1824,
• The mutiny of Barrackpore in 1824

Governors-General of India

Lord William Bentinck 1828-1835

• First Governor-General of India (Charter Act of 1833 made Governor-General of Bengal as Governor-General of India.)
• Abolition of Sati
• Suppression of Thugee, infanticide and child sacrifices.
• English Education Act of 1835
• Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 

Lord Charles Metcalfe 1835-1836

• ‘Liberator of the Indian press
• detached all restraints on an open press

Lord Auckland 1836-1842

• Dedicated himself to the improvement of native schools and the expansion of the commercial industry of India
• The first Anglo-Afghan war 

Lord Ellenborough 1842-1844

• Sindh was annexed

Lord Hardinge I 1844-1848

• First Anglo Sikh War 

Lord Dalhousie (Governors-General of India) (1845-46) 

• Introduced ‘Doctrine of Lapse‘
• Doctrine of Good
• Charles Wood Dispatch
• Post Office Act, 1854
• 1st Railway line connecting Bombay and Thane
• Established engineering college in Roorkee
• Second Anglo-Sikh War 
• First telegraph line
•  Establishment of the Public Works Department 
• Abolition of titles and pensions.
• Started Competitive  examination for Indian Civil Services 
• Widow Remarriage Act

Lord Canning 1856-1857

• Three universities at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay in 1857 were established
• Revolt of 1857 took place
• Note – Post-1857 Revolt, Governor-General of India was made Viceroy of British India and Canning became the first Viceroy of India/British India.

Governors-General & Viceroys of India

Warren Hastings (1773-1785)

• Regulating Act of 1773
• Pitt’s India Act of 1784
• The Rohilla War of 1774
• The First Maratha War in 1775-82 and the Treaty of Salbai in 1782
• Second Mysore War in 1780-84

Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)

• Third Mysore War (1790-92) and Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
• Cornwallis Code (1793)
• Permanent Settlement of Bengal, 1793
• Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) Introduction of the Subsidiary Alliance System (1798)
• Fourth Mysore War (1799)
• Second Maratha War (1803-05)

Lord Minto I (1807-1813)

• Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh (1809)

Lord Hastings (1813-1823)

• Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16) and the Treaty of Sagauli, 1816
• Third Maratha War (1817-19) and dissolution of Maratha Confederacy
• Establishment of Ryotwari System (1820)

Lord Amherst (1823-1828)

• First Burmese War (1824-1826)

Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835)

• Abolition of Sati System (1829)
• Charter Act of 1833

Lord Auckland (1836-1842)

• First Afghan War (1838-42)

Lord Hardinge I (1844-1848)

• First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) and the Treaty of Lahore (1846).
• Social reforms like the abolition of female infanticide

Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856)

• Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49)
• The annexation of Lower Burma (1852)
• Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse
• Wood’s Despatch 1854
• Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853
• Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853
• Establishment of PWD

Lord Canning (1856-1862)

• Revolt of 1857
• Establishment of three universities at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay in 1857
• Abolition of East India Company and transfer of control to the Crown by the Government of India Act, 1858
• Indian Councils Act of 1861

Lord John Lawrence (1864-1869)

• Bhutan War (1865)
• Establishment of the High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras (1865)

Lord Lytton (1876-1880)

• The Vernacular Press Act (1878)
• The Arms Act (1878)
• The Second Afghan War (1878-80)
• Queen Victoria assumed the title of ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’ or Queen Empress of India

Lord Ripon (1880-1884)

• Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882)
• The first Factory Act (1881)
• Government resolution on local self-government (1882)
• The Ilbert Bill controversy (1883-84)
• Hunter Commission on education (1882)

Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)

• The Third Burmese War (1885-86).
• Establishment of the Indian National Congress (1885)

Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894)

• Factory Act (1891).
• Indian Councils Act (1892).
• Setting up of Durand Commission (1893)

Lord Curzon (1899-1905)

• Appointment of Police Commission (1902)
• Appointment of Universities Commission (1902)
• Indian Universities Act (1904).
• Partition of Bengal (1905)

Lord Minto II (1905-1910)

• Swadeshi Movements. (1905-11)
• Surat Split of Congress (1907)
• Establishment of Muslim League (1906)
• Morley-Minto Reforms(1909)

Lord Hardinge II (1910-1916)

• Annulment of Partition of Bengal (1911)
• Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).
• Establishment of the Hindu Mahasabha (1915)

Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)

• Lucknow pact (1916)
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
• Montagu’s August Declaration (1917)
• Government of India Act (1919)
• The Rowlatt Act (1919)
• JallianwallaBagh massacre (1919)
• Launch of Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements

Lord Reading (1921-1926)

• ChauriChaura incident (1922)
• Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement (1922)
• Establishment of Swaraj Party(1922)
• Kakori train robbery (1925)

Lord Irwin (1926-1931)

• Simon Commission to India (1927)
• Harcourt Butler Indian States Commission (1927)
• Nehru Report (1928)
• Deepavali Declaration (1929)
• Lahore session of the Congress (Purna Swaraj Resolution) 1929
• Dandi March and the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
• First Round Table Conference (1930)
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)

Lord Willingdon (1931-1936)

• Communal Award (1932)
• Second & Third Round Table Conference (1932)
• Poona Pact (1932)
• Government of India Act of 1935

Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944)

• Resignation of the Congress ministries after the outbreak of the Second World War (1939)
• Tripuri Crisis & formation of Forward Bloc (1939)
• Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League (demand for a separate state for Muslims) 1940
• August Offer (1940)
• Formation of the Indian National Army (1941)
• Cripps Mission (1942)
• Quit India Movement (1942)

Lord Wavell (1944-1947)

• C. Rajagopalachari’s CR Formula (1944)
• Wavell Plan and the Simla Conference (1942)
• Cabinet Mission (1946)
• Direct Action Day (1946)
• Announcement of end of British rule in India by Clement Attlee (1947)

Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948)

• June Third Plan (1947)
• Redcliff commission (1947)
• India’s Independence (15 August 1947)

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1948-1950)

• Last Governor-General of India, before the office, was permanently abolished in 1950